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The regnant textbook on African civilizations to 1800 (written by a historian) devotes six chapters to the millennia before the arrival of European boats, and only two to the centuries afterward but well before European colonization.19 The relationship of European imperialism and the subsequent birth of new nations to conceptions of time in the writing and teaching of history is indeed a rich subjectSo too do human cultures exhibit a variety of ways to represent extended chronologiesIs the level of sustained interaction or integration that is often brought up by world/global historians in discussions of globalization across this significant basin of world history measurable by counting the ships crossing its liquid surface in their pursuit of the country trade there?98 Even if we could do this for quantifiable objects like commodities, say the tonnage of silver pumped into the Pacific basin from the South American mine of Potos during the first half of the seventeenth century, can we really say we can measure cultural flows or the circulation of ideas in order to discuss intelligently how a global optic can help in interpreting and analyzing local or regional developments in the sphere of cross-cultural history that we have alluded to in earlier phases of this conversation, for instance?99 I guess the first time I began to think about these questions was when I read the following passage in one of the late Jerry Bentley’s essays on maritime basins as frameworks of history: There is no conventional standard, such as the Richter scale or Moh’s scale of hardness, wrote Bentley with characteristic acuity and aplomb, by which to measure social and economic integration, even on a relative rather than absolute basis.100 I used to think initially that Bentley was absolutely spot on, that integration could not be usefully measured in a quantitative wayAs the ancestors gave them the oil, so they want the Niger Delta people, not multinational oil companies or politicians in Abuja, the capital city, to benefit from itAs with flat-projected Maps of the World, which usually slice the Pacific in two, continuous routes of connection are consequently lost.79 Taking global history seriously may mean reassessing which regions of our departmental world mappings have been relegated to the far corners or completely severedBryant, The West and the Rest Revisited: Debating Capitalist Origins, European Colonialism, and the Advent of Modernity, Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 31, noIggers, Historiography in the Twentieth University: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge (Middletown, Conn., 2005), chapSchwartz, Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels: Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery (Urbana, Ill., 1996); Reis, Rebelio escrava no Brasil; Joo Jos Reis, Domingos Sodr, um sacerdote africano: Escravido, liberdade e candombl na Bahia do sculo XIX (So Paulo, 2008).58Gyanendra Pandey, ed., Unarchived Histories: The Mad and the Trifling (London, forthcoming).59For an alternative view, see Mazlish, Comparing Global History to World History.60On the movement of diseases and bacilli, see William HacademyWe can for reasons having to do with developments in the sciences and social sciences and the emergence of new technological capacities to process big data and foster scholarly collaboration
We would generate flawed histories of past times by assuming that large and small units of analysis are mutually exclusive, or that our ability to think big now has no antecedents or comparands for the people we study.47Finally, I want to amplify my point about globalizationDecades ago, in a reinterpretation of the causes of the prolonged nineteenth-century Yoruba civil wars and of British imperial penetration of the region, the historians JHistory does not seem as immediately relevant in today’s world, in which policy decisions about government and economics are crowding history out of spaces within the social sciences where area studies, with their own proposed connection between history and policy, may once have made a contributionStavrianos Obituary in the San Diego Union Tribune Kevin Reilly remembers L.SChaplin, a historian of the environment and of science from Harvard University; Kristin Mann, an African historian at Emory University; and Ann McGrath, a scholar of colonialism and Indigenous history at the Australian National UniversityThe still-dominant Euro- or North-centric macro story is being challenged, moreover, by other narratives written primarily from an Asian perspective.90 Deep place-based expertise is essential to each of these projects, a message that the profession must find ways to communicate persuasivelyPerhaps that is a product of my limitations as a particular kind of historianI would like to focus on the factor I feel most competent in, namely the high level of success the world history movement has enjoyed since the 1980s, both as an up-and-coming research field and especially as an undergraduate-level teaching field.2More than any other factor, perhaps, the creation of the subdiscipline of world or global history over the last few decades has compelled us historians to come face to face with the importance of scale or size in our discipline
3 (2006): 269296; Denis Byrne, Deep Nation: Australia’s Acquisition of an Indigenous Past, Aboriginal History 20 (1996): 82107; Denis RBellah, Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age (Cambridge, Mass., 2011), xxi; Steven M2 (Winter 2009): 197222.95Chaplin, Round about the Earth; Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, eds., The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (Athens, Ga., 1996); Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, Mass., 1995).96Sebouh David Aslanian, From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa (Berkeley, Calif., 2011)Stavrianos joined the faculty of Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario and Smith College in Northampton, MassachusettsThey have done so because the conventional units of analysis deployed by professional historians seemed incapable of making sense of such large-scale processes as cross-cultural exchange and circulation, biological diffusion, population movements, and so on, much of which took place outside the boundaries of any given single stateA diversity of scholarly questions (and therefore of scholarly apparati) is a litmus test of strength in the profession.But I don’t agree that supersized history must ipso facto neglect the individual or the localnor that a focus on the individual or the local has to ignore larger implications or developmentsEnglish feminists worked with the Marxist-inspired History Workshop groupTheir navigational knowledge may have been distinctive, but it wasn’t uniqueWe spoke about teaching and the wider concern for the future of the study of history in post-secondary curricula only in the latter part of the discussion, but our topic clearly relates to how we organize and configure our fields, the topics of our courses, the training of graduate students, the staffing of our departments, and more generally our contribution to the humanities and social sciences within the academyS
2 (2008): 452491; and Forum on Evidence and Interpretation in the Digital Age, Victorian Studies 54, no4 (2006): 403444, plus comments by Goldstone, Elvin, and Andrade in subsequent issues of the serialPages Activity Contact us DMCA Information Hot List of journals Members Members Popular Trending Magazines from:Africa Asia Australia Brazil Belgium Canada China Czech Denmark Europe France German India Italy Mexico Philippines Poland Portugal Japan Singapore Spain Turkish UK USA Slovenia Swedish Search for: Search Magazinelib.com 2016-2017 Animals Cats Dogs Art Architecture Comics Design Photoshop Movie Music Guitar Photo Tattoo Business Advertising Building Farmer Finance Marketing Property Fashion Hair Nails Health Diet Food Vegetarian Science Archaeology Astronomy Biology Chemistry Geography History Mathematics Medicine Physics Psychology Space Travel Press Political Culture Sport Athletics Bicycle Fitness Football Golf Martial arts Runing Yachting & Boats Yoga Tech Android Apple Ipad Iphone Computers Mac Programming Java Auto & Moto Aviation Games Mens Crime Fishing Hunting Military Womens Weddings Kids Beauty Celebrity Crafts, sewing, knitting House & Garden Home & Decor Parent Back to Top The late Robert NPerhaps the depth or longevity of a people’s history in a particular locale has contributed to the development of certain kinds of temporal sensibilitiesBogue, and Robert William Fogel, eds., The Dimensions of Quantitative Research in History (Princeton, N.J., 1972); Val R
Such African conceptions of space and time threatened the young Brazilian nation-state and became sites of conflict and contestationHow does a scholar really know that (to paraphrase Sebouh’s comment) a global perspective will be truly useful in making sense of the local or the national unless one has a rather highly refined sense of what the local or the national is all about? Put differently and more provocatively, can or should we start deductively, by assuming that the global (or transnational) perspective is relevant and telling? And if we do, is there not a risk of reading into, or even analytically imposing upon, these narrower contexts forces and developments that a more inductive process would not necessarily bear out? The world as we perceive it today impresses us with the force and profundity of global trendsAwakening among historians and history students a wider engagement with a much longer past is perhaps overdueMittelman, ed., Globalization: Critical Reflections (London, 1996), 2130, here 2122; Bruce Mazlish, Comparing Global History to World History, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 28, noIt was economists who first defined globalization, and they defined it as a mostly positive development, pointing toward greater democracy and individual choiceFor that reason, I am inclined to favor what the Editor has called a more inductive process 68ab3a233e
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The regnant textbook on African civilizations to 1800 (written by a historian) devotes six chapters to the millennia before the arrival of European boats, and only two to the centuries afterward but well before European colonization.19 The relationship of European imperialism and the subsequent birth of new nations to conceptions of time in the writing and teaching of history is indeed a rich subjectSo too do human cultures exhibit a variety of ways to represent extended chronologiesIs the level of sustained interaction or integration that is often brought up by world/global historians in discussions of globalization across this significant basin of world history measurable by counting the ships crossing its liquid surface in their pursuit of the country trade there?98 Even if we could do this for quantifiable objects like commodities, say the tonnage of silver pumped into the Pacific basin from the South American mine of Potos during the first half of the seventeenth century, can we really say we can measure cultural flows or the circulation of ideas in order to discuss intelligently how a global optic can help in interpreting and analyzing local or regional developments in the sphere of cross-cultural history that we have alluded to in earlier phases of this conversation, for instance?99 I guess the first time I began to think about these questions was when I read the following passage in one of the late Jerry Bentley’s essays on maritime basins as frameworks of history: There is no conventional standard, such as the Richter scale or Moh’s scale of hardness, wrote Bentley with characteristic acuity and aplomb, by which to measure social and economic integration, even on a relative rather than absolute basis.100 I used to think initially that Bentley was absolutely spot on, that integration could not be usefully measured in a quantitative wayAs the ancestors gave them the oil, so they want the Niger Delta people, not multinational oil companies or politicians in Abuja, the capital city, to benefit from itAs with flat-projected Maps of the World, which usually slice the Pacific in two, continuous routes of connection are consequently lost.79 Taking global history seriously may mean reassessing which regions of our departmental world mappings have been relegated to the far corners or completely severedBryant, The West and the Rest Revisited: Debating Capitalist Origins, European Colonialism, and the Advent of Modernity, Canadian Journal of Sociology/Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 31, noIggers, Historiography in the Twentieth University: From Scientific Objectivity to the Postmodern Challenge (Middletown, Conn., 2005), chapSchwartz, Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels: Reconsidering Brazilian Slavery (Urbana, Ill., 1996); Reis, Rebelio escrava no Brasil; Joo Jos Reis, Domingos Sodr, um sacerdote africano: Escravido, liberdade e candombl na Bahia do sculo XIX (So Paulo, 2008).58Gyanendra Pandey, ed., Unarchived Histories: The Mad and the Trifling (London, forthcoming).59For an alternative view, see Mazlish, Comparing Global History to World History.60On the movement of diseases and bacilli, see William HacademyWe can for reasons having to do with developments in the sciences and social sciences and the emergence of new technological capacities to process big data and foster scholarly collaboration
We would generate flawed histories of past times by assuming that large and small units of analysis are mutually exclusive, or that our ability to think big now has no antecedents or comparands for the people we study.47Finally, I want to amplify my point about globalizationDecades ago, in a reinterpretation of the causes of the prolonged nineteenth-century Yoruba civil wars and of British imperial penetration of the region, the historians JHistory does not seem as immediately relevant in today’s world, in which policy decisions about government and economics are crowding history out of spaces within the social sciences where area studies, with their own proposed connection between history and policy, may once have made a contributionStavrianos Obituary in the San Diego Union Tribune Kevin Reilly remembers L.SChaplin, a historian of the environment and of science from Harvard University; Kristin Mann, an African historian at Emory University; and Ann McGrath, a scholar of colonialism and Indigenous history at the Australian National UniversityThe still-dominant Euro- or North-centric macro story is being challenged, moreover, by other narratives written primarily from an Asian perspective.90 Deep place-based expertise is essential to each of these projects, a message that the profession must find ways to communicate persuasivelyPerhaps that is a product of my limitations as a particular kind of historianI would like to focus on the factor I feel most competent in, namely the high level of success the world history movement has enjoyed since the 1980s, both as an up-and-coming research field and especially as an undergraduate-level teaching field.2More than any other factor, perhaps, the creation of the subdiscipline of world or global history over the last few decades has compelled us historians to come face to face with the importance of scale or size in our discipline
3 (2006): 269296; Denis Byrne, Deep Nation: Australia’s Acquisition of an Indigenous Past, Aboriginal History 20 (1996): 82107; Denis RBellah, Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age (Cambridge, Mass., 2011), xxi; Steven M2 (Winter 2009): 197222.95Chaplin, Round about the Earth; Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, eds., The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (Athens, Ga., 1996); Lawrence Buell, The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (Cambridge, Mass., 1995).96Sebouh David Aslanian, From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa (Berkeley, Calif., 2011)Stavrianos joined the faculty of Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario and Smith College in Northampton, MassachusettsThey have done so because the conventional units of analysis deployed by professional historians seemed incapable of making sense of such large-scale processes as cross-cultural exchange and circulation, biological diffusion, population movements, and so on, much of which took place outside the boundaries of any given single stateA diversity of scholarly questions (and therefore of scholarly apparati) is a litmus test of strength in the profession.But I don’t agree that supersized history must ipso facto neglect the individual or the localnor that a focus on the individual or the local has to ignore larger implications or developmentsEnglish feminists worked with the Marxist-inspired History Workshop groupTheir navigational knowledge may have been distinctive, but it wasn’t uniqueWe spoke about teaching and the wider concern for the future of the study of history in post-secondary curricula only in the latter part of the discussion, but our topic clearly relates to how we organize and configure our fields, the topics of our courses, the training of graduate students, the staffing of our departments, and more generally our contribution to the humanities and social sciences within the academyS
2 (2008): 452491; and Forum on Evidence and Interpretation in the Digital Age, Victorian Studies 54, no4 (2006): 403444, plus comments by Goldstone, Elvin, and Andrade in subsequent issues of the serialPages Activity Contact us DMCA Information Hot List of journals Members Members Popular Trending Magazines from:Africa Asia Australia Brazil Belgium Canada China Czech Denmark Europe France German India Italy Mexico Philippines Poland Portugal Japan Singapore Spain Turkish UK USA Slovenia Swedish Search for: Search Magazinelib.com 2016-2017 Animals Cats Dogs Art Architecture Comics Design Photoshop Movie Music Guitar Photo Tattoo Business Advertising Building Farmer Finance Marketing Property Fashion Hair Nails Health Diet Food Vegetarian Science Archaeology Astronomy Biology Chemistry Geography History Mathematics Medicine Physics Psychology Space Travel Press Political Culture Sport Athletics Bicycle Fitness Football Golf Martial arts Runing Yachting & Boats Yoga Tech Android Apple Ipad Iphone Computers Mac Programming Java Auto & Moto Aviation Games Mens Crime Fishing Hunting Military Womens Weddings Kids Beauty Celebrity Crafts, sewing, knitting House & Garden Home & Decor Parent Back to Top The late Robert NPerhaps the depth or longevity of a people’s history in a particular locale has contributed to the development of certain kinds of temporal sensibilitiesBogue, and Robert William Fogel, eds., The Dimensions of Quantitative Research in History (Princeton, N.J., 1972); Val R
Such African conceptions of space and time threatened the young Brazilian nation-state and became sites of conflict and contestationHow does a scholar really know that (to paraphrase Sebouh’s comment) a global perspective will be truly useful in making sense of the local or the national unless one has a rather highly refined sense of what the local or the national is all about? Put differently and more provocatively, can or should we start deductively, by assuming that the global (or transnational) perspective is relevant and telling? And if we do, is there not a risk of reading into, or even analytically imposing upon, these narrower contexts forces and developments that a more inductive process would not necessarily bear out? The world as we perceive it today impresses us with the force and profundity of global trendsAwakening among historians and history students a wider engagement with a much longer past is perhaps overdueMittelman, ed., Globalization: Critical Reflections (London, 1996), 2130, here 2122; Bruce Mazlish, Comparing Global History to World History, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 28, noIt was economists who first defined globalization, and they defined it as a mostly positive development, pointing toward greater democracy and individual choiceFor that reason, I am inclined to favor what the Editor has called a more inductive process 68ab3a233e
https://budsiagesen.typeform.com/to/YaaueX http://www.pearltrees.com/vvesanupel/item214639570 http://loconbustbleed.diarynote.jp/201712011604196720/ https://disqus.com/home/discussion/channel-sukipoqi/recursive_programming_techniques_burge_pdf_download_descompresor_multiplayer_split_reegeton_32/ http://www.pearltrees.com/clamlandholmea/item214639606 http://unakperland.diarynote.jp/201712011605107077/ https://fudebingheart.typeform.com/to/ePGWIY http://www.pearltrees.com/harttabarrie/item214639569 http://probinbici.diarynote.jp/201712011604561751/ http://storliostilcoo.lnwshop.com/article/36/face-to-face-upper-intermediate-student-book-free-download-flirt-humor-gerausch-orgel-sorcerer
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